Gerard E. Francisco, Alexander Balbert, Ganesh Bavikatte, Djamel Bensmail, Stefano Carda, Thierry Deltombe, Nathalie Draulans, Steven Escaldi, Raphael Gross, Jorge Jacinto, Nicholas Ketchum, Franco Molteni, Susana Moraleda Perez, Michael W.O Dell, Rajiv Reebye, Patrik Säterö, Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez, Heather Walker, Jörg Wissel
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School and TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX 77030, USA. E-mail: gerard.e.francisco@uth.tmc.edu
DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2753

This consensus paper is derived from a meeting of an international group of 19 neurological rehabilitation specialists with a combined experience of more than 250 years (range 4–25 years; mean 14. 1 years) in treating post-stroke spasticity with botulinum toxin A. The group undertook critical assessments of some recurring practical challenges, not yet addressed in guidelines, through an exten-sive literature search. They then discussed the results in the light of their individual clinical experience and developed consensus statements to present to the wider community who treat such patients. The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of treatment with botulinum toxin A, including the use of adjunctive therapies, within a multidisciplinary context, and is aimed at practicing clinicians who treat patients with post-stroke spasticity and require further practical guidance on the use of botulinum toxin A. This paper does not replicate information published elsewhere, but instead aims to provide practical advice to help optimize the use of botulinum toxin A and maximize clinical outcomes. The recommendations for each topic are summarized in a series of statements. Where published high-quality evidence exists, the recommendations reflect this. However, where evidence is not yet conclusive, the group members issued statements and, in some cas-es, made recommendations based on their clinical experience.

A group of doctors from around the world, who are experts in treating muscle stiffness and spasm (also called spasticity), reviewed the current scientific evidence -supporting the effectiveness of using botulinum toxin injections in treatment of spasticity that results from a stroke. When evidence is not available, they discussed and agreed on the best way to treat spasticity using botulinum toxin. The recommendations made by these expert doctors can be used by less-experienced doctors as a guide to how best to use botulinum toxin injection in treating spasticity after a stroke.